How Cold Weather Can Impact Epilepsy: A Guide to Winter

As temperatures drop and the winter months set in, the effects of cold weather go far beyond chilly mornings and frosted windscreens. For people living with epilepsy, the cold season can introduce a range of challenges — some subtle, others significant.

Understanding how colder conditions can influence seizure control, medication routines and general wellbeing is vital for carers, teachers and support staff. This article explores the ways cold weather can affect epilepsy and outlines practical steps to reduce risk.

How the body reacts to cold

Cold weather affects everyone differently, but for those with epilepsy, the body’s response to low temperatures can sometimes increase seizure susceptibility. When we’re cold, the body works harder to maintain core temperature. This can lead to:

• Increased fatigue or stress on the body
  
• Shivering, which temporarily raises metabolic demand
  
• Changes in breathing patterns that may influence oxygen levels
  

In people with epilepsy, anything that disrupts stability in the body — from dehydration to tiredness or illness — can become a contributing factor to seizure risk.

Common winter factors that may influence epilepsy

1. Illness and infection

Coughs, colds and flu are far more common in winter. These infections can trigger seizures in some individuals, either through fever, disrupted sleep, or the body’s general stress response.
It’s also important to consider that some over-the-counter cold and flu remedies contain ingredients that may interfere with anti-epileptic medication. Carers and staff should always check with a pharmacist or healthcare professional before recommending or administering any treatment.

2. Missed medication doses

Cold, dark mornings and disrupted routines can make it easier to forget doses. This can be especially risky if someone is unwell or sleeping irregularly.
Training staff to monitor medication schedules closely, particularly during the winter months, helps prevent avoidable lapses that could increase seizure frequency.

3. Dehydration in cold weather

While dehydration is often associated with hot weather, it’s surprisingly common in winter too. Cold air has low humidity, and people tend to drink less when they’re not feeling warm. Dehydration can affect how medication is metabolised and can reduce seizure thresholds in some individuals.
Encouraging regular hydration and warm, caffeine-free drinks can help maintain stability.

4. Temperature sensitivity

Some people with epilepsy report that sudden temperature changes — such as moving from a warm room into freezing outdoor air — can act as a seizure trigger. While this isn’t universal, carers should be mindful of individuals who may react strongly to temperature swings and help them avoid rapid exposure to extreme cold.

5. Reduced activity and isolation

Cold, wet weather often limits outdoor activity, which can lead to less exercise, more screen time and disrupted sleep. Physical inactivity can impact overall wellbeing, mood and sleep quality — all of which can influence seizure control.
Carers and staff can help by promoting light indoor exercise, social interaction, and maintaining daily structure where possible.

Managing the impact of cold weather

Keep routines consistent

Consistency is key in epilepsy management. Encourage regular bedtimes, balanced meals, and on-time medication. Even small routine changes during the winter can affect seizure control.

Plan for illness and emergencies

Make sure care plans include clear guidance on what to do if someone becomes ill, misses medication, or experiences a seizure during a period of sickness. Staff training should cover when to seek medical advice and how to respond confidently.

Check medication storage

Some anti-seizure medications can be sensitive to temperature extremes. Check that medication is stored according to the manufacturer’s guidance — away from radiators or cold, damp spaces.

Maintain comfort and warmth

Keeping indoor spaces warm and comfortable helps the body maintain equilibrium. Layered clothing, warm bedding and avoiding sudden exposure to cold air can make a real difference.

Training considerations for winter

Staff and carers who understand how cold weather can influence epilepsy are better equipped to prevent issues before they arise. Winter training refreshers can cover:

• Recognising the early signs of illness and fatigue
  
• Reviewing medication management procedures
  
• Updating seizure management and emergency plans
  
• Understanding how environmental factors like temperature and lighting affect risk
  

Proactive awareness during winter ensures safer, more confident care for individuals living with epilepsy.

Conclusion

Cold weather doesn’t directly cause epilepsy, but it can amplify the factors that make seizures more likely. With informed care, consistent routines and seasonal awareness, these risks can be reduced significantly.

If your organisation would benefit from seasonal epilepsy awareness or first aid training, contact National Epilepsy Training to learn more about our accredited in-person and online courses.